Android之控件与布局，结构知识点，基础完结-白红宇

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在Android中我们常常用到很多UI控件，如TextView，EditText，ImageView，Button，ImageButton，ToggleButton，CheckBox，RadioButton等等这些可以自己多用就会了。

也会学到一些布局如：LinearLayout 线性布局，RelativeLayout 相对布局，FrameLayout 帧布局，AbsoluteLayout绝对布局，TableLayout 表格布局，GridLayout 网格布局，ConstraintLayout 约束布局。

LinearLayout 线性布局:

android:orientation="vertical"android:orientation="horizontal"复制代码

RelativeLayout 相对布局：

android:layout_alignParentTopandroid:layout_alignParentBottomandroid:layout_alignParentLeftandroid:layout_alignParentRight复制代码

android:layout_marginTopandroid:layout_marginBottomandroid:layout_marginLeftandroid:layout_marginRightandroid:layout_margin复制代码

android:layout_centerVerticalandroid:layout_centerHorizontalandroid:layout_centerInParent复制代码

android:layout_aboveandroid:layout_belowandroid:layout_alignLeftandroid:layout_alignRightandroid:layout_toLeftOfandroid:layout_toRightOfandroid:layout_alignBottomandroid:layout_alignTopandroid:layout_alignBaseline复制代码

TableLayout 表格布局：

android:layout_spanandroid:layout_columnandroid:collapseColumnsandroid:shrinkColumnsandroid:stretchColumns复制代码

属性

android:idandroid:layout_widthandroid:match_parentandroid:textandroid:backgroundandroid:textSizeandroid:textColorandroid:inputTypeandroid:hint复制代码

结构：

AndroidManifest.xml为整个应用的主配置，清单文件，应用的包名、版本号、组件、权限等信息。

Activity的活动状态：

activity is running：为活动状态onResume()->running->onPause()：为暂停状态onStart()->onResume()->running->onPause()->onStop()：为停止状态onDestroy()：为非活动状态复制代码

onCreate()onStart()onResume()onPause()onStop()onDestroy()onRestart()复制代码

跳转：第二个界面：

private Button mButton;private String text="dashu";mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){ @Override public void onClick(View v){  Intent data = new Intent();  data.putExtra("text",text);  setResult(2,data);  finish(); }}复制代码

跳转：第一个界面：

@Overrideprotected void onActivityResult(int requestCode,int resuleCode,Intent data){ super.onActivityResult(requestCode,resultCode,data):   if(requestCode==1&&resultCode==2){      String text = data.getStringExtra("text");      textView.setTextView(text);    }}复制代码

ListView与ArrayAdapter的搭配：

//准备数据源->适配器加载数据源->控件加载适配器public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity{ private ListView listView; private ArrayAdapter
    
      list_adpater; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInsstanceState){  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  setContentView(R.layout.main);  listView=findViewById(R.id.listView);    //1 String data[] = {
   "dashu1","dashu2","dashu3"}; //2  list_adpater = new ArrayAdapter<>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data); //3  listView.setAdapter(list_adapter);   }}复制代码

ListView与SimpleAdapter的搭配：

//列表项//布局
    //单个列表项
    
    复制代码

private ListView listView;private List
     
      > dataList;private SimpleAdapter simple_adapter;//1.dataList = new ArrayList<>();dataList=getData();private List
      
       
        > getData(){ for(int i = 0;i<10;i++){   Map
        
          map = new HashMap<>();   map.put("image",R.drawable.images1);   map.put("text",i);   dataList.add(map); }  return dataList;}//2.simple_adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,dataList,R.layout.item,new String[]{
   "image","text"},new int[]{
   "R.id.imageView","R.id.imageView"});//3.listView.setAdapter(simple_adapter);复制代码

To:

public class App{ private String appName; private int appId;  App(String appName,int appId){ }}//public class AppAdapter extentds ArrayAdapter
    
     {    ...     App app = getItem(position);     View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(...);}// //获取视图    @Override    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {        //创建ViewHolder        ViewHolder viewHolder = null;        //如果为空        if (convertView == null){         //mInflater.inflate(渲染布局，parent , false)         convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_msg,parent,false);         viewHolder = new ViewHolder();//创建类对象         //视图         viewHolder.mIvImg = convertView.findViewById(R.id.id_iv_img);         viewHolder.mTvTitle = convertView.findViewById(R.id.id_tv_title);         viewHolder.mTvContent = convertView.findViewById(R.id.id_tv_content);         convertView.setTag(viewHolder);// convertView.getTag();        }else {            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();// convertView.getTag();        }        //获取数据位置        Message msg = mDatas.get(position);//数据集合 private List
     
       mDatas;        viewHolder.mIvImg.setImageResource(msg.getImgResId());//获取图片位置        viewHolder.mTvTitle.setText(msg.getTitle());//获取标题        viewHolder.mTvContent.setText(msg.getContent());//获取内容        return convertView;    }    public static class ViewHolder{        //静态内部类，类调用        ImageView mIvImg;        TextView mTvTitle;        TextView mTvContent;    }//orApp app = getItem(position);if(convertView==null){          view=LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, null);          viewHolder=new ViewHolder();          viewHolder.imageView= view.findViewById(R.id.app_image);          viewHolder.textView= view.findViewById(R.id.appl_name);          view.setTag(viewHolder);    }else{         view=convertView;         viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();  ...  return view;}复制代码

To:

private List
     
      > dataList;private SimpleAdapter simpleAdapter;private void getData(){ for(int i=0;i<##;i++){
      Map
      
        map = new HashMap<>();  map.put("",##);  dataList.add(##); }}复制代码

ProgressBar：max，progress，secondaryProgress

style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleLarge"style="?android:attr/progressBarStyle"style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleSamll"复制代码

int first=progressBar.getProgress();int second=progressBar.getSecondaryProgress();int max = progress.getMax();复制代码

progressBar.incrementProgressBy(5);progressBar.incrementSecondaryProgressBy(5);progress.incrementProgressBy(-5);progressBar.incrementSecondaryProgressBy(-5);复制代码

ProgressDialog progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(this);//progressDialog.setProgresssStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);progressDialog.setTitle("");progressDialog.setIcon("");//progressDialog.setMax(100);progressDialog.incrementProgressBy(20);//progessDialog.setButton(DialogInterface.BUTTON_POSITIVE,"确定",new DialogInterface.OnClickListener(){  ...});progressDialog.setCancelable(true);//progressDialog.show();复制代码

SeekBar：OnSeekBarChangeListener


    
       ...  android:max="100"  android:progress="40"
    复制代码

seekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener(){});复制代码

日历选择器：OnDateChangedListener

//DataPicker日历选择器private DataPicker dataPicker;private Calendar calendar;private int year,day,hour,minute;//calendar = Calendar.getInstance();//year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);...minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);//DataPickerDialog-OnDateSetListener()new DatePickerDialog(this, newDatePickerDialog.OnDateSetListener(){  ...},year,calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH),day).show();//TimePicker-setOnTimeChangedListener()//TimePickerDialog-OnTimeSetListenernew TimePickerDialog(this, new TimePickerDialog.OnTimeSetListener(){  ....},hour,minute,true).show();复制代码

Meau：

//OptionsMenu,SubMenu,ContextMenu//
    
     
     //
      
        
         
        
      
     //雷同SubMenu//getMenuInflater().inflate();onCreateOptionsMenu();onCreateContextMenu();//动态onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){ menu.add(1,1,1,"1"); menu.add(1,2,1,"2");  return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);}onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu,View v,ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo){ //menu.setHeaderTitle(); //menu.setHeaderIcon(); menu.add(1,1,1,"1"); menu.add(1,2,1,"2");  ...  super.onCreateContextMenu(menu,v,menuInfo);}//onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){ //SubMenu play=menu.addSubMenu(); play.setHeaderTitle(); play.setHeaderIcon(); play.add(); play.add();  SubMenu play2=menu.addSubMenu();  paly2.add(2,1,1,"");  play2.add(2,2,1,"");  return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);}//ContextMenuListView = findViewById(R.id.listView);adapter = new ArrayAdapter
     
      (this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);listView.setAdapter(adapter);registerForContextMenu(listView);//OnOptionsItemSelectedOnOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item){ if(item.getGroupId() == 1){  switch(item.getItemId()){   case 1:     break;   case 2:    break;  } } ...}复制代码

Notification 通知：

图标（SmallIcon）标题（ContextTitle）内容（ContextText）时间（When）复制代码

NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this);//builder.setSmallIcon();...builder.setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL);//PendingIntent类-setContentIntent()NotificationManager去完成发送和取消通知的事情复制代码

Dialog 对话框：

//setPositiveButton()和setNegativeButton()：添加确定和取消按钮AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);builder.setTitle();...builder.setPositiveButton("确认", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener(){ ...}builder.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener(){ ...}Dialog dialog = builder.create();dialog.show();//setSingleChoiceItems()AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);builder.setTitle();builder.setIcon();builder.setSingleChoiceItems(data,0,new DialogInterface.OnClickListener(){  ...});Dialog dialog = builder.create();dialog.show();复制代码

WebView：

//uri , setAction , setDataUri uri = Uri.parse(url);Intent intent = new Intent();intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);intent.setData(uri);startActivity(intent);复制代码


    复制代码

//webView = findViewById(R.id.webView);webView.loadUrl(url);//WebSettings webSettings = webView.getSettings();webSettings.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);//webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient(){  ...});//webView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient(){   ...   //   if(dialog != null && dialog.isShowing()){     dialog.dismiss():     dialog = null;   }   ...   //    if(dialog == null){      dialog = new ProgressDialog(MainActivity.this);      dialog.setTitle();       ...      dialog.show();     }else{       dialog.setProgress(newProgress);     }}复制代码

Fragment：为了解决Android碎片化

Fragment is addedonAttach()onCreate()onCreateView()onActivityCreated()onStart()onResume()Fragement is activiteonPause()onStop()onDestroyView();onDestroy()onDetach()Fragment is destroyed复制代码

onCreate()onCreateView()onActivityCreated()onStart()onResume()复制代码

onPause()onStop()onStart()onResume()复制代码

onPause()onStop()onDestroyView()onDestroy()onDetach()复制代码

//MyFragment fragment = new MyFragment();FragementManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();FragmentTransaction beginTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();beginTransaction.add(R.id.layout,fragment);beginTransaction.commit();//getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(R.id.layout,fragment).commit();//myFragment = (MyFragment)getFragmentManager(). findFragmentById(R.id.fragment);//Fragment.javaToast.makeText(getActivity(),"dashu",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();复制代码

File,SharedPreferences,SQLite

private SQLiteDatabase db;public class MyHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{ public static String CREATE_TABLE="create table student("   + " _id integer primary key autoincrement,"   + "name varchar(20),"   + "age integer,"   + "sex varchar(2)";   public Context mContext;     public MyHelper(Context context,String name,SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory,int version){  super(context,name,factory,version);  mContext=context;}@Overridepublic void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db){ db.execSQL();}//Cursor cursor=db.query("student",null,null,null,null,null,null);if(cursor!=null){  while(cursor.moveToNext()){    }}复制代码

ContentProvider Android四大组件之一，为存储和获取数据提供统一的接口。自定义类继承ContentProvider，通过android:authorities属性授权。ContentResolver内容处理者，提供ContentProvider中同名同参的增删改查方法。

boolean onCreate()String getType(Uri uri)Cursor query()Uri insert()int update()int delete()//URI : 完整的uri路径//ContentProvider内容提供者ContentResolver内容解析者复制代码

Spinner下拉框


     
     
      //android:entries="@array/list"
        
          
        
         1
           
        
         2
          
       
      复制代码

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity{ private Spinner mSpinner;  ...   //   final String[] arrays = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.list);  //  ArrayAdapter
    
      mSpinnerAdaper=new ArrayAdapter
     
      (MainActivity.this,android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item,arrays);    mSpinner.setAdapter(mSpinnerAdaper);   //setOnItemSelectedListener()   ...}复制代码

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